Journal: Frontiers in immunology

Article Title: Chrysin Ameliorates Influenza Virus Infection in the Upper Airways by Repressing Virus-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis.

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872958

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 9 | A schematic diagram of the role of chrysin in suppressing influenza virus infection by blocking G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Chrysin restrains influenza virus infection by disrupting ROS-mediated dual signaling pathways, including the suppression of p53 and p21, which promotes the activation of CDK4, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin E1, culminating in the prevention of cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Alternatively, chrysin can reduce ROS- mediated Bax while increasing Bcl-xl, which in turn blocks mitochondrial apoptosis by inhibiting cleaved-caspase 9 and cleaved-caspase 3.

Article Snippet: Flow cytometric analysis was performed using the following kits: mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit with JC-1 (Beyotime, C2006); Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Assay Kit (Beyotime, S0033S); Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit (BD Bioscience, 556547); Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Analysis Kit (Beyotime, C1052).

Techniques: Virus, Infection, Blocking Assay, Protein-Protein interactions, Activation Assay